Looks like you're moving right along, Peter! Glad to see that.
The plastic cutting board is worth a try - although I'm not positively sure it will be flatter and more stable than MDF. Surprisingly, plastic can move a bit as well, though I think it is more sensitive to temp than moisture (wood is the other way around). If you get a piece of plastic thick enough, you should be able to put screws into it. UHMW PE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) is pretty tough - I haven't had a screw pull out of it. Keep in mind, a cutting board is probably not made to any tolerances at all - might not be flat from the start.
(side note - we used UHMW PE for the rub surface between container cargo vessels and the steel fender panels on the faces of pier structures - in my former life as a structural engineer. gives some idea of the abuse UHMW PE will tolerate...)
I have used carriage bolts before for jigs - but I found it is a bit harder to keep everything precisely aligned as laid out on the top when you need to flip the jig over to insert and tighten a bolt. You can drill holes from above and then insert T-nuts from below too. Then, when you make the fixture to be bolted onto the top, drill the hole that fits over the T-nut a bit oversized so you have some adjustment possible. I like socket head cap screws better than carriage bolts too - and then I glue the T-nut into the bottom so I only need to "wrench on it" from above.
MDF is not a bad material at all in my opinion - it's cheap too. I learned a lot on MDF before I spent the $$ on the MIC-6 aluminum (which I think was important for me). There was a month of planning and design I put into that jig for future uses and allowance for adjustment that I could think of then... The drawback with MDF is the durability...
If you don't have a planer, you might think about buying a couple miter sliders from Rockler (or similar - Woodpecker's?). The "slick strip" UHMW PE tape is a good buy too - it has an adhesive back and I stuck it on the bottom of the aluminum plates I used to make my jig. These make the jig slide really well on the table top.
Let us know how things are coming along - you're making much faster progress than I did when I got started! Keep it up!
